Rare surgical procedures: Spinal Osteomyelitis and surgery

Osteomyelitis is commonly the spinal infection to explain in detail vertebral osteomyelitis refers to an infection of the vertebral body in the spine. It is sometimes a rare reason for the back pain most probably in healthy adults. Generally, the infection is spread through the vascular route.

The symptoms of the vertebral osteomyelitis include,

• Back pain
• Unexplained weight loss
• Excessive sweating
• Fever
• Chills
• Fatigue
• Pain around the area of infection
• Inflammation around the area of infection.
• Torticollis

Tests and diagnosis include, 

•   Blood tests- complete blood count is done to detect the infection
•   Erythrocyte sedimentation 
•  C-reactive protein determination
•   Radioistopic bone scanning

Surgery:

• In the cases were the prosthetic joint get infected surgery shall be performed to remove the infected join and replace it with prosthetics.
• In situation were the large number of bones get infected surgery to be performed to remove the infected bone tissue.

Principles of Surgery: Let’s get to know more

Human tissues due to their natural innate properties react to the injury in a different way. This procedure is called as the mechanism of optimal healing. These are generally known as the principles of surgery.

The decision to surgery is taken based on the facts,

•                 Full medical history of the patients.
•          And the radiographic findings, laboratory investigations, and many others.
•          The necessities of the surgery include,
•          Adequate visibility and the surgical field free of excess blood and other fluids.

After the surgical procedures, the aseptic techniques to be maintained remains as one of the challenges in the field of surgical infection. There comes

•          Medical Asepsis
•          Surgical Asepsis

Incision, flap design, preventing the flap necrosis and flap dehiscence are some of the key facts to be described in the field of surgery.

Hemostasis can be maintained by preserving the patient’s oxygen-carrying capacity and the blood loss which will prevent the formation of hematomas.

Dead space management will also be carefully by the surgeon (Dead Space-area that remains devoid of tissue after the wound closure).

Obesity surgery -Aims and Scope!!!

Due to the change in the lifestyle and changing food habits obesity has become the one of the common problems and the field of surgery related to obesity also gains the great importance.
Some of the common obesity surgeries includes:

• Adjustable gastric banding

• Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

• Biliopancreatic diversion

• Sleeve gastrectomy

• One anastomosis gastric bypass

How much weight will the person lose after the bariatric surgery?

The weight loss will be lost gradually, and it is found to commence after the surgical procedures are completed. The amount weight loss generally depends on the patient, i.e it depends on how the patient follows the healthy eating habits, diet and exercise. The normal range of weight loss would be 0.5-1 .0 Kg/week. Totally the long-term weight loss would be expected about 50-60% of the excess weight.
The continuous follow-up with the bariatric clinic clearly shows the follow-up for the successful weight loss. The patients are strictly instructed to follow the dietary instruction as per the guidelines given by the dietician and the multivitamin supplements are also found to be suggested.

Lets get to know more about surgeries

10 Most complicated surgical techniques

Due to the rapid improvement in the field of surgery and surgical instrumentation number of minimally invasive surgical procedures has also been developed to save the life of the victims. Below list shows some of the challenging and the complicated surgeries.

 

1.Septal Myectomy-Unclog the congealed muscles of the heart.

2.Bariatric Surgeries/Gastric Bypass-Weight loss surgery by reducing the size of the stomach.

3.Thoracic Aortic Dissection Repair-Fixes the tear in the deepest layer of the heart.

4. Bladder Cystectomy -surgically removes the part or entire urinary bladder.

5.Spinal Osteomyelitis Surgery-Infections in the spine that requires the surgery to remove them.

6. Craniectomy -removes the skull portion to inspect the brain.

7.Conjoined twins separation-separation of twins who shares their body parts and others.

8.Coronary revascularization-The surgical procedure to restore the flow of blood to the heart.

9.Surgical Ventricular Restoration-restores the heart to its original size and shape after the attack.

10.Esophagectomy -Aids in esophageal removal and reconstruction.

Recent advancement in the field of surgery

As we know medical advancement in the field of robotics and noninvasive surgery have changed the procedures in the operating room. But the fact is that these technologies have not yet reached the success to the full extreme due to their novelty and cost.

1.MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY

Minimally invasive surgery can be considered as the one of the boons to the medical field because the surgery would not be possible without the doctor in the past decades but now the surgical procedures has been modernized the best example is the natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery where the instruments enters through the openings in the body instead of cutting the skin.

2.ROBOTIC SURGERY

The next level improvement in the medical field after the minimally invasive surgery is the robotic surgery. Robots have been introduced into the field of surgery only in the recent years. In these kinds of robotic surgery, the doctors usually control the robots through the computer. This fact proves that the surgery nowadays has been modernized and gained greater development when compared to the past decades.

3.TELESURGERY

More interesting development than the robotic surgery is the telesurgery in which the doctors may not be physically present they may present in the different countries and may assist the surgery through telecommunication. The challenging fact is the time delay in the transmission of data between two locations.

It is obvious that the growth in the field of surgery has improved the standard of living of the patients and made the surgery painless and took the medical field to the next generation.

ROBOT ASSISTED SURGERY: A MODERN APPROACH TO CONVENTIONAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUE

Robotics or Robot-assisted surgery integrates the use of advanced computer technology with the experience of the skilled surgery professionals. This technology provides the surgeon with a 10x magnification, high definition, 3D- image of the body’s inner anatomy.

The surgeons generally use controls in the console to manipulate the specific surgical instruments that are smaller as well as more flexible and accurate than the human hand. The reason why the robotics-assisted surgery came into the picture is to minimize the limitations of the pre-existing minimally invasive surgery and to enhance the efficiency of the surgeons who perform the conventional open surgery. The three important cardiac surgery performed by means of the robot-assisted techniques is Atrial septal defect repair, Mitral valve repair, and coronary artery bypass. Robot-assisted surgery proves it incredible use in the field of the gynecological surgery. Gynecological procedure taken place with robot-assisted surgery may reduce the hospital stays the best example for the short hospital stays may be proven in case of the hysterectomy. Certain researchers are also carried out for its use in the field of spine surgery procedures. Surgical robotics techniques are also used in the field of pediatrics to perform various types of surgery for example hernia repair surgery and many others.