Principles of Surgery: Let’s get to know more

Human tissues due to their natural innate properties react to the injury in a different way. This procedure is called as the mechanism of optimal healing. These are generally known as the principles of surgery.

The decision to surgery is taken based on the facts,

•                 Full medical history of the patients.
•          And the radiographic findings, laboratory investigations, and many others.
•          The necessities of the surgery include,
•          Adequate visibility and the surgical field free of excess blood and other fluids.

After the surgical procedures, the aseptic techniques to be maintained remains as one of the challenges in the field of surgical infection. There comes

•          Medical Asepsis
•          Surgical Asepsis

Incision, flap design, preventing the flap necrosis and flap dehiscence are some of the key facts to be described in the field of surgery.

Hemostasis can be maintained by preserving the patient’s oxygen-carrying capacity and the blood loss which will prevent the formation of hematomas.

Dead space management will also be carefully by the surgeon (Dead Space-area that remains devoid of tissue after the wound closure).

Obesity surgery -Aims and Scope!!!

Due to the change in the lifestyle and changing food habits obesity has become the one of the common problems and the field of surgery related to obesity also gains the great importance.
Some of the common obesity surgeries includes:

• Adjustable gastric banding

• Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

• Biliopancreatic diversion

• Sleeve gastrectomy

• One anastomosis gastric bypass

How much weight will the person lose after the bariatric surgery?

The weight loss will be lost gradually, and it is found to commence after the surgical procedures are completed. The amount weight loss generally depends on the patient, i.e it depends on how the patient follows the healthy eating habits, diet and exercise. The normal range of weight loss would be 0.5-1 .0 Kg/week. Totally the long-term weight loss would be expected about 50-60% of the excess weight.
The continuous follow-up with the bariatric clinic clearly shows the follow-up for the successful weight loss. The patients are strictly instructed to follow the dietary instruction as per the guidelines given by the dietician and the multivitamin supplements are also found to be suggested.

Lets get to know more about surgeries

10 Most complicated surgical techniques

Due to the rapid improvement in the field of surgery and surgical instrumentation number of minimally invasive surgical procedures has also been developed to save the life of the victims. Below list shows some of the challenging and the complicated surgeries.

 

1.Septal Myectomy-Unclog the congealed muscles of the heart.

2.Bariatric Surgeries/Gastric Bypass-Weight loss surgery by reducing the size of the stomach.

3.Thoracic Aortic Dissection Repair-Fixes the tear in the deepest layer of the heart.

4. Bladder Cystectomy -surgically removes the part or entire urinary bladder.

5.Spinal Osteomyelitis Surgery-Infections in the spine that requires the surgery to remove them.

6. Craniectomy -removes the skull portion to inspect the brain.

7.Conjoined twins separation-separation of twins who shares their body parts and others.

8.Coronary revascularization-The surgical procedure to restore the flow of blood to the heart.

9.Surgical Ventricular Restoration-restores the heart to its original size and shape after the attack.

10.Esophagectomy -Aids in esophageal removal and reconstruction.

Recent advancement in the field of surgery

As we know medical advancement in the field of robotics and noninvasive surgery have changed the procedures in the operating room. But the fact is that these technologies have not yet reached the success to the full extreme due to their novelty and cost.

1.MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY

Minimally invasive surgery can be considered as the one of the boons to the medical field because the surgery would not be possible without the doctor in the past decades but now the surgical procedures has been modernized the best example is the natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery where the instruments enters through the openings in the body instead of cutting the skin.

2.ROBOTIC SURGERY

The next level improvement in the medical field after the minimally invasive surgery is the robotic surgery. Robots have been introduced into the field of surgery only in the recent years. In these kinds of robotic surgery, the doctors usually control the robots through the computer. This fact proves that the surgery nowadays has been modernized and gained greater development when compared to the past decades.

3.TELESURGERY

More interesting development than the robotic surgery is the telesurgery in which the doctors may not be physically present they may present in the different countries and may assist the surgery through telecommunication. The challenging fact is the time delay in the transmission of data between two locations.

It is obvious that the growth in the field of surgery has improved the standard of living of the patients and made the surgery painless and took the medical field to the next generation.

Epilepsy surgery advancements: Eliminate seizures, improve patients’ memories

Seizures affect many of the brain function such as memory. Over the due course, the uncontrolled seizures can spread over the major areas of the brain and controlling them becomes very difficult. There comes the epilepsy surgery which can eliminate the seizures in some victims which no other treatment can claim nowadays. But the problem is that many people who are in the situation to undergo the surgery fails to receive the surgical evaluation.

When is surgery needed...?

·         Seizures start in one area of the brain (Focal onset epilepsy)

·         Medications are ineffective.

Advancements in epilepsy surgery

Many of the new imaging techniques and the advanced surgical procedures have reduced the risk of complications and other from epilepsy surgery to all-time lows.

·         Stereo electroencephalography-for the better recognition of seizures

·         Responsive neurostimulation-prevent seizures by sending the electrical impulses to the brain

·         Laser interstitial thermal therapy- burn away targeted tissue in the affected area of the brain

·        Closed- loop neurostimulation- implanting a device in the brain that monitors and decodes neural activity, but this procedure is still in the trial.